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马晓萍,王明利.典型国家肉牛生产经济效率比较及对中国的启示[J].西北农林科技大学学报(社会科学版),2023,23(1):138~152
典型国家肉牛生产经济效率比较及对中国的启示
Comparison of Economic Efficiency of Beef Cattle Production in Typical Countries and Its Enlightenment to China
  
DOI:
中文关键词:  肉牛  典型国家  经济效率  国际比较
英文关键词:beef cattle  typical country  economic efficiency  international comparison
基金项目:国家自然科学基金重点项目(72033009);中国农业科学院科技创新工程项目(ASTIP IAED 2022 01)
作者单位
马晓萍 (中国农业科学院 农业经济与发展研究所,北京 100081) 
王明利 (中国农业科学院 农业经济与发展研究所,北京 100081) 
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中文摘要:
      经济效率的提升是实现肉牛产业质量效益和竞争力提升的突破性手段。基于2010-2020年Agri benchmark全球典型养殖场第一手数据,运用SFA测算了12个典型国家肉牛生产的经济效率,并采用Bitobit、CMP+IV-Tobit方法探究生产环境和管理特征在推动肉牛生产经济效率中发挥的作用。结果表明:中国肉牛生产技术效率处于国际偏低水平,仅为德国肉牛生产技术效率水平的72.31%、美国技术效率水平的74.45%,在12个典型国家中排名第9位;成本高位和价格劣势导致中国肉牛生产配置效率低位;中国肉牛全要素生产率缓慢增长,在典型国家中处于中等偏低水平,年均增速0.186%,属于技术效率与技术进步双驱动型;种植饲草料、政策和信贷扶持以及生物安全防控等对肉牛生产的技术效率和配置效率均产生显著正向影响;中国肉牛生产在养殖者素质水平、饲料粮自给率、政府扶持力度与生物安全防控方面与优势国家还存在明显差距,肉牛生产经济效率水平亟待进一步提升。
英文摘要:
      The improvement of economic efficiency is a breakthrough means to achieve the improvement of the quality,efficiency and competitiveness of the beef cattle industry.Based on the first hand data of typical global farms in the Agri benchmark from 2010 to 2020,this paper uses SFA to calculate the economic efficiency of beef cattle production in 12 typical countries,and uses Bitobit and CMP IV Tobit methods to explore the role of production environment and management characteristics in promoting economic efficiency of production.The results show that the technical efficiency of beef cattle production in China is at a low level in the world, only 72.31% of the technical efficiency level of German beef cattle production and 74.45% of that of the United States, ranking 9th among 12 typical countries. High cost and price disadvantage has led to the low efficiency of beef cattle production allocation in China.The total factor productivity of beef cattle in China has grown slowly,at a moderately low level in typical countries,with an average annual growth rate of 0.186%,which is driven by both technical efficiency and technological progress.Credit support and biosecurity prevention and control have a significant positive impact on the technical efficiency and allocation efficiency of beef cattle production.China’s beef cattle production is comparable to the dominant countries in terms of breeder quality,feed grain self sufficiency,government support and biosecurity prevention and control.There are still obvious gaps,and the economic efficiency level of beef cattle production needs to be further improved.
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