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吴映雪.县域扶贫项目制的“耗散”过程及其逻辑[J].西北农林科技大学学报(社会科学版),2020,20(4):31~42
县域扶贫项目制的“耗散”过程及其逻辑
The “Dissipation” Process and Logic of the County level Poverty Alleviation Project System
  
DOI:
中文关键词:  扶贫项目  制度性耗散  非制度性耗散  项目逻辑  项目治县
英文关键词:poverty alleviation project  institutional dissipation  non institutional dissipation  project logic  projects leading the county’s development
基金项目:重庆市社会科学规划基金项目(2018BS06)
作者单位
吴映雪 (中共重庆市委党校 科学社会主义教研部重庆 400041) 
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中文摘要:
      扶贫项目制是我国扶贫开发中采取的一种重要方式,对脱贫攻坚具有非常重要的作用。项目制在运行中产生的损耗影响预期目标实现,学者发现利益冲突、微腐败、利益共谋、贫困户参与不足等原因造成了项目制的非制度性损耗。但从县域调查来看,项目制下扶贫资源在论证、申报、立项、实施、验收、监管过程中存在制度性耗散与非制度性耗散两种现象。制度性耗散主要包括扶贫项目流程繁杂造成的时间耗费、扶贫项目跑动与论证过程的资金消耗、扶贫项目实施的机构增设与监督成本耗费;非制度性耗散主要包括项目虚报与重数量轻质量、项目施工中的工程外包与阻工闹工、项目验收中的资金挪用和监管缺失等。扶贫项目耗散现象产生主要是在“项目治县”的县域发展逻辑、项目争取的县乡(镇)村竞争逻辑与项目实施中的政绩至上逻辑、项目效益的社会动员逻辑等多重因素影响下产生的。
英文摘要:
      The poverty alleviation project system is an important method adopted in China’s poverty alleviation,and it plays a very important role in eradicating poverty.The dissipation of the project system operation affects the realization of the targets of the project system.It is found that conflicts of interest, micro corruption,interest collusion,and insufficient participation of poor households have caused non institutional dissipation of the project system.However,from the practical survey,the dissipation of the project system has two kinds of phenomena:institutional dissipation and non institutional dissipation.Poverty alleviation resources dissipate during the process of projects county level demonstration,application,establishment,implementation,acceptance and supervision.Institutional dissipation mainly includes the time consumption caused by the complicated process,capital consumption in striving and demonstration process,the cost of the establishment and supervision of the implementation process of poverty alleviation projects;non institutional dissipation mainly includes projects cheated and looking for quantity over quality,projects outsourcing and disruption during project construction,misappropriation and lack of supervision of funds during project acceptance.The dissipation of poverty alleviation projects is caused by multiple factors,mainly the county’s development logic of “projects leading the county’s development”,the competition logic of counties ,towns and villages that should strive for projects,the logic of achievement supremacy in the implementation of projects,and the logic of social mobilization of project benefits.
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