• 主 编:
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  • 王 倩
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王向阳.改革开放后村干部职业化和行政化之路——基于我国东中西部乡村治理实践的考察[J].西北农林科技大学学报(社会科学版),2018,(6):26~33
改革开放后村干部职业化和行政化之路——基于我国东中西部乡村治理实践的考察
Road to Professionalization and Administration of Village Cadres After Reform and Opening-up——Based on Practice of Rural Governance in East, Central and West China
  
DOI:
中文关键词:  村干部职业化  治理事务  治理资源  组织成本  实践限度
英文关键词:professionalization of village cadres  governance affairs  governance resources  organizational costs  practical limits
基金项目:教育部哲学社会科学重大课题攻关项目(14JZD030)
作者单位
王向阳 (武汉大学 政治与公共管理学院武汉 430072) 
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中文摘要:
      基层组织形态及其干部角色,是巨型国家有效治理的基础性配置。沿着经验研究进路,从历史视角和区域差异视角,采用质性研究方法,梳理我国改革开放40年来东中西部村庄治理实践,以揭示非正式干部正式化的路径、类型及其限度。研究表明:东部村庄,一般集体经济发达,治理资源丰富,治理事务密集且频发,于20世纪八九十年代率先实现了村干部职业化;而后随着治理任务下沉、财权上收和精细化考核,村干部由职业化进一步走向了行政化;其治理事务密集频发且内生性强,形塑了其村庄内生型非正式干部正式化的实践道路。中西部村庄,集体经济弱势,治理资源极其有限,治理事务稀疏且偶发,村干部兼业状态突出;随着治理任务密集下沉,行政面向突出,依托地方政府财源供给,部分中西部村庄实现了村干部职业化、行政化转型,走向外生性行政建构型道路。同时,治理事务与村庄需求匹配度和治理资源与组织成本契合度差异,共同形塑了东中西部乡村不同的治理绩效。非正式干部正式化,事关基层治理现代化的中国道路选择问题,要求各界必须审慎对待这一基层治理实践。
英文摘要:
      The organizational form of the grassroots organizations and the role of their cadres are the basic configuration for the effective governance of mega countries. This article upholds the approach of empirical research, comprehensive historical perspective and regional disparity perspective, adopts qualitative research methods, and sorts out the practice of village governance in East, Central and West China during the 40 years of reform and opening-up, aiming to reveal the path, type, and practice limit of formalization of informal officials. The research shows that eastern villages have a developed collective economy, rich governance resources, and intensive and frequent governance matters. They took the lead in realizing the professionalization of village cadres in the 1980s and 1990s, and later with the sinking of governance tasks, the rising of financial rights and the refinement of assessment, village cadres have become more administrative as a result of their professionalization; their governance issues have been intensively and frequently endogenous, and have shaped the practice of formalizing the village’s endogenous informal cadres. In the middle and western villages, the collective economy is weak, governance resources are extremely limited, governance issues are sparse and sporadic, and village officials are in a concurrent state. As governance tasks are intensive and the administration is outstanding, relying on local governments’ financial resources, some middle and western villages have realized the professionalization and administrative transformation of village cadres, which leads to an exogenous administrative constructive road. At the same time, the matching degree between governance affairs and village needs, and the difference between governance resources and organizational costs have collectively shaped the governance performance of the rural areas in the eastern, central and western regions. The formalization of informal cadres is related to the choice of China’s roads for grassroots governance modernization, which requires that all sectors of society must prudently handle this grassroots governance practice.
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