西北农林科技大学学报社会科学版

主编：
吕卫东

主任：
王倩

刊期：
双月刊

电话：
029-87092606；87092306

E-mail：
xuebaowq@263.net

邮发代号：
52-254

创刊时间：
2001年1月

主办单位：
西北农林科技大学

主管单位：
中华人民共和国教育部

国内统一刊号：
CN 61-1376/C

国际标准刊号：
ISSN 1009-9107

编辑部地址：
712100 陕西杨凌西北农林科大北校区34信箱

张占锋.农地流转制度的现实困惑与改革路径[J].西北农林科技大学学报(社会科学版),2017,17(1):23~29

农地流转制度的现实困惑与改革路径

Real Dilemma and Reform Path of Rural Land Circulation System

DOI：

中文关键词: 土地承包经营权土地经营权转让抵押入股转包出租

英文关键词:land contractual management rights land management rights subcontract mortgage transfer shares rental

基金项目:国家社会科学基金重点项目(14AFX017)

作者	单位
张占锋	(1.对外经济贸易大学法学院，北京 100029；2.唐山学院文法系，河北，唐山 063000)

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中文摘要:

农地流转实践在促进我国农地规模经营同时，也使现有农地法律制度的规范能力捉襟见肘。无论转包、抵押、转让，还是入股和出租均不能解决土地流转实践中农户利益和农业企业利益的冲突与对立，均无法调和土地承包经营权社会保障属性与财产属性的矛盾，迫切需要新的法权形式出现。三权分置下的土地经营权是破解农地流转难题的正解。三权分置视阈下，转让客体为土地承包经营权，转让仍有存续必要，且转让条件应保持严苛。应区分转包与出租，转包的客体应为物权性的土地经营权，而出租的客体为土地承包经营权的租赁权，放宽接包方资格条件，使其涵盖所有市场主体。抵押应分为土地承包经营权抵押与土地经营权抵押两种类型，前者应满足转让所规定的条件要求。政府应支持农户之间的土地抵押实践，以消解对金融机构的路径依赖。入股应衡平土地承包经营权的社保属性与《公司法》的股东出资要求，出资形式应仅为土地经营权。

英文摘要:

The practice of rural land circulation has greatly promoted the intensive management of rural land in China. But problems have been existed in the present legal system of rural land regulation. Not only subcontract, mortgage, transfer; but also shares and rental can not solve the interests conflict between farmers and agricultural enterprises, can not reconcile the contradictions between the property attribute and the social security attribute of the land contract management right, and new legal right form is urgently needed. Three rights division is the key to break the dilemma of rural land circulation. In the visual threshold of the three rights division, the object of the transfer should be the right to land contractual management. Transfer is still necessary to exist, and the transfer conditions should remain stringent. Subcontract and rental should be distinguished, the object of subcontract should be land management rights, all market players can become parties; the object of rental should be the land tenancy of land contractual management rights. Mortgage should be divided into two types: the mortgage of land contractual management right and the mortgage of land management right, the former should meet the requirements of the transfer. The government should support the practice of land mortgage among farmers in order to eliminate the path dependence of financial institutions. Shares should balance the social security property of the land contract management rights and the funding requirements of the shareholders in “company law”, the form of investment should only be land management rights.

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